作者：付鸿宇1, 潘孟春1, 张琦1, 胡佳飞1, 管峰2, 徐昱静1, 黄博1, 李海滨1, 陈棣湘1, 刘中艳1
作者单位：1. 国防科技大学智能科学学院，湖南 长沙 410073;
2. 海军研究院，北京 100161
关键词：极低频电磁场;贡献率评估;层次分析模型(ahp);特征提取
摘要：
潜艇极低频电磁场作为目标探测的关键特征，其形成机制复杂多样，平台工况以及在水下所处位置都会对其产生很大影响。有效操控以降低潜艇的磁特征对于提升其磁隐身性能具有重要的意义。然而，当前各种因素对电磁场影响程度的研究尚不充分。为此该文提出一种基于层次分析模型的贡献率评估方法，旨在为有效操控提供理论依据。首先深入分析潜艇极低频电磁场的威胁成因，并建立相应的威胁层次结构模型。其次，通过仿真手段获取由不同成因产生的电磁场信号特征，并构建威胁矩阵和特征矩阵。最后，计算得到不同成因电磁场对总电磁场的贡献率，在尾部测线上，尾流磁场的贡献率占比最高，达到0.7649；径向测线上轴频磁场贡献率占比最高，并逐渐衰减，最终在150 m处低于尾流电磁场，并保持在占比0.5左右。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性，可为潜艇极低频电磁场的综合主动控制策略研究奠定技术基础。
evaluation of the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field contribution rate for submarines using the analytic hierarchy process
fu hongyu1, pan mengchun1, zhang qi1, hu jiafei1, guan feng2, xu yujing1, huang bo1, li haibin1, chen dixiang1, liu zhongyan1
1. college of intelligence science and technology, national university of defense technology, changsha 410073, china;
2. naval academy of armament, beijing 100161, china
abstract: the extremely low-frequency(elf) electromagnetic field emitted by submarines serves as a critical feature for target detection. its complexities arise from various causes, with platform operating conditions and underwater positioning significantly affecting its characteristics. effectively manipulating these factors to diminish the submarine’s magnetic signature is vital for enhancing its magnetic stealth capabilities. however, current research lacks sufficient exploration of the influence degree of these varied causes. to address this gap, a contribution rate assessment method is introduced based on a hierarchical analysis model, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for such manipulation. the study begins with an in-depth analysis of the threat causes of submarine elf electromagnetic field, establishing a hierarchical model to encapsulate these threats. subsequently, simulation techniques are employed to extract the electromagnetic field signal characteristics generated by different causes, leading to the construction of a threat matrix and a feature matrix. finally, the contribution rates of different causative electromagnetic fields to the total electromagnetic field were calculated. on the sternward measurement line, the wake magnetic field contributes the highest proportion, reaching 0.7649. on the radial measurement line, the shaft-frequency magnetic field has the highest contribution rate, which gradually attenuates and eventually falls below the wake electromagnetic field at 150 meters, maintaining a proportion of approximately 0.5. the simulation results validate the method’s effectiveness and set a technical precedent for the development of comprehensive active control strategies for submarine elf electromagnetic field.
keywords: extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field;contribution rate evaluation;analytic hierarchy process;feature extraction
2024, 50(8):41-50 收稿日期: 2024-05-17;收到修改稿日期: 2024-07-09
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（62301579）
作者简介: 付鸿宇（2000-），男，新疆乌鲁木齐市人，硕士研究生，专业方向为水下目标探测。
参考文献
[1] 杨国义. 舰船水下电磁场国外研究现状[j]. 舰船科学技术, 2011, 33(12): 138-143.
yang g y. research status of underwater electromagnetic field for ships abroad[j]. ship science and technology, 2011, 33(12): 138-143.
[2] 朱世才, 牟兰, 刘志军, 等. 国外舰船磁场特性研究及舰船防护技术综述[j]. 舰船科学技术, 2014 (9): 1-6.
zhu s c, mou l, liu z j, et al. a survey of foreign warship magnetic field characteristic research and warship protection techniques [j]. ship science and technology, 2014 (9): 1-6.
[3] 卜广志. 基于aoe模型的装备对作战体系的贡献率评估方法[j]. 火力与指挥控制, 2020, 45(12): 18-22.
bu g z. evaluation method of equipment's contribution to combat system based on aoe model[j]. firepower and command control, 2020, 45(12): 18-22.
[4] 周莉, 朱李红, 李向华. 基于主客观赋权的oiml证书企业质量信用评价技术研究[j]. 中国测试, 2022, 48(s1): 13-18.
zhou l, zhu l h, li x h. research on oiml certificate enterprise quality credit evaluation technology based on subjective and objective weighting[j]. china measurement & test, 2022, 48(s1): 13-18.
[5] 赵景波. 舰船腐蚀电磁场的测量及防护方法的研究[d]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2006.
zhao j b. research on measurement and protection methods of corrosion electromagnetic field for ships[d]. harbin: harbin engineering university, 2006.
[6] 朱晓建. 海浪和舰艇尾迹产生的弱磁信号分析[d]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2015.
zhu x j. analysis of weak magnetic signals generated by sea waves and ship wakes [d]. chengdu: university of electronic science and technology of china, 2015.
[7] 贾晓东. 基于模糊层次分析法的电力安全风险评估方法研究[j]. 电工技术, 2024(4): 96-98,111.
jia x d. research on power safety risk assessment method based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process[j]. electrical engineering, 2024(4): 96-98,111.
[8] kling m , seyring n, tzanova p. assessment of economic instruments for countries with low municipal waste management performance: an approach based on the analytic hierarchy process. [j]. waste management & research: the journal of the international solid wastes & public cleansing association, iswa, 2016, 34(9): 912-922.
[9] 杨克巍, 杨志伟, 谭跃进, 等. 面向体系贡献率的装备体系评估方法研究综述[j]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(2): 311-321.
yang k w, yang z w, tan y j, et al. overview of research on equipment system evaluation methods for system-of-systems contribution[j]. systems engineering and electronics, 2019, 41(2): 311-321.
[10] 庞鑫, 刘忠乐, 文无敌, 等. 基于水平时谐电偶极子模型的舰船轴频电磁场传播特性分析[j]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2021, 42(12): 183-187.
pang x, liu z l, wen w d, et al. analysis of propagation characteristics of ship shaft frequency electromagnetic field based on horizontal harmonic electric dipole model[j]. journal of ordnance equipment engineering, 2021, 42(12): 183-187.
[11] m. saiful h, robert f, mojtaba a. magnetic characterization of actuators for an unmanned aerial vehicle[j]. ieee/asme transactions on mechatronics, 2015, 20(4): 1986-1991.
[12] huang-b, liu-z, xu-y, et al. far-field characteristics and evolutions of electromagnetic field induced by the wake of underwater vehicles[j/ol]. applied ocean research, 2024, 145: 103933. doi:
.
[13] 刘中艳. 用于水下运动目标探测的新型磁源理论与仿真研究[d]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2019.
liu z y. theoretical andsimulation study of a new type of magnetic source for underwater moving target detection [d]. changsha: national university of defense technology, 2019.
